How Does It Work? Unraveling the Mysteries by Which Empagliflozin Helps Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients With Heart Failure

In patients with heart failure, empagliflozin offers significant cardiovascular benefits. However, its exact mode of action is unknown. Understanding the way by which works in failure may uncover additional therapeutic targets or identify other classes drugs that be useful to clinicians and patients. This literature review aims unravel mysteries reduces death, events, hospitalization diabetic non-diabetic Three researchers conducted data collection. We incorporated research used human models, animal diabetes, without diabetes. Pathology, pathophysiology, metabolism, physiology, empagliflozin, were search terms probe mesh database on PubMed. study showed mechanisms could lead positive clinical outcomes (HF) are as follows: down-regulation mammalian target rapamycin complex 1 signaling (mTORC), decreasing sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium loss, increasing cytosolic inducing electrolyte-free osmotic diuresis, improving fuel efficiency, protecting endothelial glycocalyx. These findings inconsistent, no generally accepted hypotheses within scientific community. Hence we conclude further required determine function Empagliflozin degree aforementioned contribute cardiac protection.